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Hornets in Ohio: Field Guide | The Pest Detective
In the bustling world of Ohio’s insect population, hornets stand out as fearsome, yet fascinating creatures. While our state may not boast a multitude of hornet species, it is home to one of the most prominent: the European hornet (Vespa crabro). With its distinct appearance and impressive size, the European hornet commands attention wherever it roams. Ohio is also home to bald-faced hornets, known for their black and white body, although they are technically classified as wasps rather than true hornets. Notably absent from Ohio’s hornet population are murder hornets, also known as Asian giant hornets. Join The Pest Detective on an exploration of hornets in Ohio, as we delve into the intriguing world of these buzzing insects and uncover the secrets of their existence in the Buckeye State.
European Hornets
Scientific Name: Vesta Crabro – Linnaeus, 1758
Order: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and related insects)
Family: Vespidae (yellowjackets, hornets, and paper wasps)
European hornets have an intriguing history in North America. Introduced in the 1840s, likely through maritime trade routes, they have since become widespread across the eastern United States, including Ohio. As the only true hornet species in the region, they stand out for their distinctive appearance. With a robust body size and a brown and yellow coloration, they are often mistaken for murder hornets due to their similar size and coloring, causing unnecessary alarm among residents.
European hornets are known for their nocturnal habits and attraction to light sources, making them a common sight around outdoor lighting fixtures during the night. Their nesting habits are also distinct, with nests typically constructed in protected areas such as tree hollows, attics, or wall voids. The nests are made of a paper-like material, created by mixing saliva with wood fibers, and can grow to impressive sizes over time.
In Ohio, European hornets can be found in various habitats, including forests, urban areas, and suburban neighborhoods. Their presence is particularly noticeable during the warmer months, as they become more active in search of food and suitable nesting sites. While their sting can be painful, European hornets are generally not aggressive unless provoked, making them more of a nuisance than a significant threat to humans.
When Are European Hornets in Ohio Most Active?
European hornets in Ohio are most active during the warmer months, typically from spring through fall. They are primarily nocturnal, meaning they are most active at night, although they may also be active during the day. During the daytime, they can be seen foraging for food, while at night, they are busy building and maintaining their nests. It’s essential to exercise caution when outdoors, especially during these active periods, to avoid disturbing hornet nests and potentially provoking an aggressive response.
European Hornets
Scientific Name: Dolichovespula maculata – Linnaeus, 1763
Order: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and related insects)
Family: Vespidae (yellowjackets, hornets, and paper wasps)
Bald-faced hornets are a common sight in Ohio’s landscapes. Although technically classified as wasps, they are often mistaken for true hornets due to their similar appearance and intimidating size. Unlike European hornets, bald-faced hornets are native to North America and can be found throughout Ohio. Known for their black and white coloring and aggressive defense of their nests, bald-faced hornets are a familiar presence in yards, parks, and wooded areas across the state. For more information about bald-faced hornets and other wasps, be sure to check out our dedicated article on these fascinating insects: Wasps in Ohio
FAQ
How can I identify hornets in Ohio?
European hornets in Ohio can be identified by their large size, typically measuring around 1 to 1.5 inches in length. They have yellow and black markings on their abdomen, and their thorax is predominantly reddish-brown.
What are European Hornets, and why are they dangerous?
European hornets (Vespa crabro) are large insects belonging to the wasp family. While they are generally not aggressive, they can sting if provoked or if they perceive a threat to their nest. Their sting can be painful and may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, making them potentially dangerous.
Can European Hornets cause damage to property or structures?
Yes, European hornets can cause damage to property or structures, especially if they decide to build their nests in or around buildings. Their nesting activities can weaken wooden structures, and their habit of chewing wood to make paper-like material for their nests can lead to structural damage over time. Additionally, their presence near human-inhabited areas can cause anxiety and inconvenience.
Prevention & Control of Hornets in Ohio
Controlling and preventing European hornet infestations in Ohio requires a multi-faceted approach. Start by sealing potential entry points around your home or property to prevent them from nesting. Regularly inspect outdoor lighting fixtures, eaves, and other potential nesting sites. If a nest is found, it’s best to contact a professional pest control service like The Pest Detective to safely remove it. Additionally, consider using yellow bug lights outdoors to reduce attractiveness to hornets. Remember, prevention is key to avoiding hornet encounters and keeping your home pest-free.